Learn Portuguese - Language Senses

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• Description : PORTUGUESE LANGUAGE Teacher: Kleb...(more)er Kosta PHONOLOGY TOPIC: THE LANGUAGE SENSES OBJECTIVE The objective of this lesson is to identy ways of communication used by human beings through language. INTRODUCTION: COMMUNICATION VISUAL (image, paints, movies, TV series) AUDIOVISUAL (noises, rumors, music) SIGN LANGUAGE (gesture, dance, rituals) DEVELOPMENT: COMMUNICATION can only be successful through the uses of the Language. It is the main function of the Linguistical System. SIGN AND SIGNIFICANT When we transmiticate our thoughts we use words combinations, wich we call, LINGUISTIC SIGNS. These ones have two elements and they never can be separated from their elements, the SOUND unities and the MEANING they transport. For example, considering the word (mato) wich means (grass) we can hear four sounds /m/ /a/ /t/ /o/ . Putting all the sounds toguether, it will be automatically produced an image inside your brain, wich will be associated to a specific meaning (significado) at the same time. So, we can say that the word (mato) means (dense grass wich grows in a land of trees, tall vegetation, and vines, typically in tropical regions and inahabitated places and sometimes in cities, without predatories). As you can see speaking language is not enough to memorize words, it is also necessary to understand how the words can be combined Example: Língua nossa o Português é. (Language our Portuguese is) A Brazilian or European Portuguese native can identify these words meaning but not their combination because there is not relation among these words in the sentence, so that sentence does not make any SENSE. Correcting the sentence that i gave you as an example, we can have the following result: O Português é a nossa língua. (Portuguese is our language.) PRIMARY SENSE PRIMARY SENSE is the first meaning that comes to our mind for most of us whn a lexeme is uttered alone. It refers to a physical thing, an action, or a characteristic of a referent, for example, we can say that the word MATO in portuguese has a PRIMARY SENSE meaning, like (Dense grass wich grows in a land of trees, tall vegetation, and vines, typically in tropical regions and inahabitated places and sometimes in cities without predatories) . This is the meaning of "mato" that can be translated in English a (dense tall grass). This what generally first comes to a person's mind. Whateverm it refers to an ACTUAL PHYSICAL THING. SECONDARY SENSE The SECONDARY SENSE is the COMBINATION OF PHONEMES INSIDE THE LINGUISTIC SIGN. The ORAL MESSAGE consists of the verbal employment of sounds units of expressions such as WORDS and SENTENCES. SOUNDS are produce by the use of vocal cords, mouth cavity, nasal cavity and tongue. Example: MATO (tall grass) and BATO (I spank) The difference between these words could be the first letters /m/ and /b/. These sounds are unities able to produce changes to the meaning of those words by doing the exchange of one sound for another and that's why we can say that /m/ and /b/ are PHONEMS. WHAT IS A PHONEME? PHONEME is the smallest contrastive unit of sound system of a language. CONCLUSION: LANGUAGE SYSTEM THE LANGUAGE SYSTEM: Understanding Language consists of understand how the Language System works. Knowing that, you just have to consider that the PRIMARY SENSE is generally the first meaning that comes to mind for most people when a lexeme is uttered alone and it refers to a physicall thing or an action or a characteristic of a referent. Also, you have to consider the SECONDARY SENSE. The SECONDARY SENSE is a MEANING that is more abstract than a PRIMARY SENSE of a lexeme but still shares some of its SEMANTIC COMPONENTS and it is this different range of reference that its usage contexts and COLLOCATES that are different from those of primary sense. (less)